Government's role in protecting the environment Essay

Government's role in protecting the environment - Essay Example Aviation gasoline (avgas), which is used to power aircraft have a high content of lead. This prompted the agency in 2008 to change concentration of lead emitted in the airports from 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter to 0.15 microgram per cubic meter. This is a regulation that EPA has been monitoring to make sure that airports are complying through FAA. FAA has also designed another program known as Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program (VALE) that is supposed to make sure that all sources of airport ground emissions are reduced. The quality of the air is enhanced by this program as well as complying with Clean Air Act. VALE advocates for airport sponsors to use funds from Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs) and Airport Improvement Program (AIP), which can be used to finance electrifications of gate, purchasing vehicles with low emission and recharging and refueling stations. These are some of the relentless efforts that the government through agencies such as EPA and FAA use to make sure that the environment is

The United Nation’s Constitutions’ article 1, Section 6, Clause1 Essay Example for Free

The United Nation’s Constitutions’ article 1, Section 6, Clause1 Essay The following is a discussion on basic principles under the constitution on the above clause. The amendment of the clause was done under amendment 27 – limiting the congressional pay increases. The 27th Amendment which was first proposed on September 25th 1789, as an article of the then Bill of right did not pass since it failed to meet the number of states required. For this reason it sat, without ratification but did not have an expiry date for a period of past 80 years until Ohio ratified it in protest of a congressional pay rise. Â  In 1978, Wyoming ratified it but there still lacked follow-up by the other states and in the early 1980’s Gregory Watson, who was an aide to a Texas legislator, took up the proposal of an amendment’s cause. Â  Between 1983 and 1992, the required number states ratified the amendment, and it was declared a ratified amendment on May 7, 1992. Â  The Article gives all senators and Representatives a right to receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases except Treason (the attempt to overthrow the government of one’s nation), Felony (serious crime such as murder) and Breach of peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and coming out of the same, and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place’. This exempted all Senators and Representatives from arrest on their way and out of the House a privilege that helps them attend the house session without interruption as long as the said offences are not in place. It is important for the Representatives and Senators salaries to be got from the United States Treasury something that guarantees that the figures received are well looked into as it is a law already passed and written. This also meant that the senators and representatives may get a increase on their salaries on when the treasury declares and sees that it can afford the funds for the period in question. Â  The clause continues to state that ‘No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the Authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof have been increased during such time, and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of the House during his Continuance in office’. Â  This second part of the clause very clearly disapproves a person who is already appointed to any civil authority becoming a member of the House. At least this way equal chance for people is supported since one can only have one government job at a time. This will make the Senator or the Representative fully dedicated to serving the people since they can only have this as the single source of income from the government. It also forbids any person who is already elected in the House as a senator or representative from ‘benefiting’ from money meant for the civil office. This will result in more transparency as far as the government and funds is concerned. This clause states that the Senators or representatives will be well compensated so this way their needs are well met for the term they happen to be in the house and since they are allowed to enjoy a two term incase they still make it to the house then it becomes the responsibility of a senator or representative as to what they deliver during their term/s.

When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same :: Education

When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same underlying principle of careful assessment of skills an â€Å" When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same underlying principle of careful assessment of skills and strategies should apply to literacy and numeracy. Discuss the implications for classroom practice. In this essay I will be discussing the importance of careful assessment in the management of dyslexia with particular reference to literacy and numeracy and the subsequent implications that this will have on classroom practice. Current theory shows that although there is no one definition for dyslexia it is widely recognised as being a specific learning disability of neurological origin that does not imply low intelligence or poor educational background It is were the language section of the brain is not developed in the normal way,so preventing the acquisition of phonological skills ,decoding and encoding of words.These difficulties are believed to be due to the inherited aspects of language processing.The neurological bases of dyslexia are now well founded and reflected in the current definitions of the term.The British Dyslexia Association (1996) produced the following definition; â€Å"Dyslexia is a neurological condition, which is constitutional in origin. The symptoms may affect many areas of learning and function and may be described as a specific difficulty in reading , spelling , and written language. One or more of these areas may be affected.Numeracy ,notational skills (music), may also be involved. However ,it is particularly related to mastering written language, although oral language may be affected to some degree.† The Dyslexia Institute (1997)defined dyslexia as â€Å"a problem dealing with words and symbols that make it hard for a dyslexic person to learn to read write and spell and sometimes causes difficulty with mathematics and music†. Dyslexia is therefore a disorder in the cognitive processing system of the brain which presents itself with difficulties with organisatonal skills ,short term memory problems ,reading ,writing and spelling problems and to some extent difficulties in numeracy. A dyslexic pupil may have problems with word retrieval and pronounciaton ,difficulties with rhyme and alliteration, sequencing problems and naming.Singleton an E.

Air conditioner

Tout Air-condition and ventilation Based on the new facilities of meeting room and exhibition hall, we would need to design air-condition and ventilation system too. Firstly, great air quality and circulation is the most important part of the venue ventilation system. In contrast, poor air quality and circulation will easily let people sleepy. Also, indoor temperature should be maintained between 24-ICC according the government standard. So, should have independent, adjustable temperature system to controls for the ambient temperature of the number of people.For meeting rooms, an optimum condition of 50+5% is generally used for design purpose. And the exhibition hall should need strict control of relative humidity is critical because it will be works of art and delicate objects. In view of this, we would choice unitary equipment of meeting room. The system is a central air conditioning system in the form of air conditioning load. It is lower cost packaged, simplicity of installation and individual control unitary equipment.Because it uses a concentrated form of air conditioning dad, so relative to the air conditioning load distributed processing distributed air-conditioning system, which has energy-efficient, comfortable, convenient adjustment capacity, low noise, vibration and other prominent advantages. Suitable for meeting room's about room temperature ICC and 60% to 80% humidity standard of requires fresh air. Also, if the interior noise, such as noise of the air conditioner is too large, it will greatly affect the performance of the audio system, difficult to hear speech of chairman.As the same time, we would choice central station systems of exhibition hall. The system is host by the microcomputer to control central air conditioner each interval, its can automation to load operation according to the actual and to simplify air conditioning facilities management. Also without taking the device layer, can reducing utilities and construction investment to eas ily with the house renovation. And, it is running by water source heat pump, no combustion process to avoid the sewage, effectively saving energy and operating costs and it general service life more than over system, about of 15-25 years.Acoustic and sound control In addition to, design the air condition and ventilation also need to design acoustic and sound control equipment too. When designing this equipment, will need considerations influence various aspects of the venues such as the layout, volume, ceiling construction and other equipment requirements. According to the technical requirements of acoustics of meeting rooms have some reverberation time requirements. In general, the reverberation time is too short will let the sound boring; mixing time is too long will let sounds confusing.Therefore, different meeting rooms has its best reverberation mime, right reverberation time can beautify spokesman's voice and to cover the noise, increase the effectiveness of the session. Also, to ensure sound insulation and sound absorption, the room should with carpeted floors, ceilings and insulation blankets are equipped within four walls, double glazed windows should be used and set the double door for sound system. These sound control method also suitable of exhibition hall. But exhibition hall's area lager than meeting room and often held different event, so it will be need installed control rooms of the hall to control sound.In control room, the temperature must be maintained at around 1 8-ICC and keep cool and dry environment to protect the equipment would not be affect by humidity. Because of this, it also need sufficient space to separate ventilation and for maintenance. And the room's space should be usually mm wide x 2. Mm deep (10 x 8 Ft) suitable to accommodate a sound-mixer console with VA equipment. In concussion, the room should locate at the rear of the venue to provide sound control. So need adequate space to operate the master control, equipment and w ork table also.

Practice in Identifying Helping Verbs in English

Practice in Identifying Helping Verbs in English A helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb) is a verb (such as have, do, or will) that comes before the main verb in a sentence. This exercise will give you practice in identifying helping verbs. Instructions Each of the following 15 sentences contains at least one helping verb. Identify the helping verb(s) in each sentence, and then compare your answers with those on page two. Keep in mind that more than one helping verb (such as has been) can be used in front of a main verb. In addition, remember that sometimes another word (such as not) separates the helping verb from the main verb. My sister has promised to come with us to the Thousand Islands.Sam and Dave will prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the class.I must return to Yellowstone National Park to appreciate its significance and astonishing beauty.We should read another book by E.B. White.We should not waste our time watching TV.My brother will be flying out of Cleveland tomorrow morning.We have been studying all week for the final exam.Katie has not been studying very hard.My car was stolen by a couple of kids out for a good time.I can help you tonight if you will drive me home later.Thousands of people, braving the cold and the rain, had been waiting for hours for the band to show up.Tony and his friends are bored with their lives, and so they are always looking for trouble.I know that I must make a decision soon, but first I may ask my teacher for advice.Marie could not start her car this morning, so she will probably not go into work at all today.I have finished the quiz on helping verbs, and now I am going home.   Below are the answers (in bold) to the practice exercise in  Identifying Helping Verbs. My sister  has  promised to come with us to the Thousand Islands.Sam and Dave  will  prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the class.I  must  return to Yellowstone National Park to appreciate its significance and astonishing beauty.We  should  read another book by E.B. White.We  should  not waste our time watching TV.My brother  will be  flying out of Cleveland tomorrow morning.We  have been  studying all week for the final exam.Katie  has  not  been  studying very hard.My car  was  stolen by a couple of kids out for a good time.I  can  help you tonight if you  will  drive me home later.Thousands of people, braving the cold and the rain,  had been  waiting for hours for the band to show up.Tony and his friends  are  bored with their lives, and so they  are  always looking for trouble.I know that I  must  make a decision soon, but first I  may  ask my teacher for advice.Marie  could  not start her car this morning , so she  will  probably not go into work at all today.I  have  finished the quiz on helping verbs, and now I  am  going home.

Designing Ad Campaign against Child Labour Essay Example

Designing Ad Campaign against Child Labour Essay Example Designing Ad Campaign against Child Labour Essay Designing Ad Campaign against Child Labour Essay Since the clip of Independence our state has been fighting with its huge pool of kid laborers and school dropout kids and to pull off and extenuate the disparity in guaranting the rights of all kids to be protected. This job has made the India s place in the last quartile. India has amended the fundamental law in order to set up free and mandatory instruction cardinal rights for all the kids belonging to 6 to 14 old ages of age group. But the attainment of the right to instruction and the right to be protected from economic development are non realized for a big subdivision of the kids of this state. Though we are now observing our 63rd twelvemonth of independency, child labors can be witnessed in its barbarous signifier in about every sector of our life and the root cause of such detestable development stems from the want of right to instruction, nutrient, occupation and right to equality before the bench. The economic enlargement policies besides led to rampant development of the hapless. As per the latest ILO Report, the figure of economically active kids in the age group 5 to 17 old ages in the universe during 2004 was 317 million, of which 218 million ( 68 % ) are regarded as child laborers , and 126 million ( 58 % of kid laborers ) were working in risky industries. It is a recognized fact that Indian has the largest figure of child labors. But there is important confusion sing the definition of kid labor in Indian statute law. The Govt. of Indian has neer disclosed any official definition of Child Labour . But the fundamental law provides several indirect statute laws and strategies to protect the involvement of kid such as Child Labour Prohibition A ; ordinance Act, 1986 and Juvenile Justice Care A ; protection Act, 2000. This manner the authorities ignores each and every right of the kids those belong to the age group of 14-18 old ages who are laboring in the labour sectors. The authorities besides are non sing the rights of those kids who are working within the household or in informal agreement. The above image shows that Indian belongs to exceed 10 list of child labor and the highest figure of merchandises ( 18 ) is made out of child labor. Some surveies has divulged that on an norm a child laborer toiled for more than 12 hour, less than half of the kids receives nutrient and more that 90 % of the kids has no vacation. It is estimated that mean monthly income of kid laborers is $ 2 in malice of the fact that they contribute to about 20 % of India s GNP. Doctrine and Strategy of the run For Campaign against Child Labour ( CACL ) forum, child labour implies a entire denial of the right to childhood. CACL therefore demands a entire obliteration of kid labour.A The CACL forum opines thatA every kid out of school as a possible kid laborer .A Therefore the forum seeks to implement policy alterations that will take to a complete riddance of the pattern of child labor. This requires enormous attempt to make consciousness in different subdivisions and strata of our society including child workers and their households, policy shapers, media, the bench and citizens in general through assorted programmes and runs. A basic scheme employed for this intent has been a coincident run for free and mandatory quality instruction of all kids in the state, and for statute law to efficaciously eliminate all signifiers of child labor. The web works at the field degree through its assorted member organisations. While the different member organisations are different in footings of focal point, construction and internal organisation and nature of programmes conducted, by and big they all have a common vision of advancing run against Child Labour. At this occasion it is to be noted that CACL is non registered as an independent entity. Over the twelvemonth the forum has evolved its ain direction construction. Present Day Condition Child labor is still common in many parts of theA universe in many signifiers such as agribusiness, mill work, quarrying, excavation, A harlotry, assisting in the parents concern, holding one s ownA little businessA ( for illustration merchandising nutrient ) , or making any kind of uneven occupations. Many kids work as ushers for tourers, sometimes besides responsible for conveying in new concern for stores and eating houses ( where they besides work as servers ) . Some other kids are made to execute boring and insistent undertaking from the really age of 3 such as: shining places, piecing boxes, cleaning or carrying a shop s merchandises. However, instead than in mills andA sweatshops, most child labour occurs in the informal sector, selling many things on the streets, at work in agribusiness or conceal away in houses-far from the range of official labour inspectors and from media examination. And all the work that they did was done in all types of conditions ; and was besides d one for minimum wage. Equally long as there is household poorness there will be child labor. Aim of the proposed ad run To convey about attitudinal alterations in the society on kid labor Create consciousness about the legal deduction of promoting/practicing kid labor Demoting engagement of child labors and distributing it to the universe It has been found that in the current statute law, the definition of child labor is non clearly defined that leaves plentifulness of room for culprits to use kid as workers and they got off scot free. The UN definition of the kid, harmonizing to the UNCRC is A kid means every individuals below the age of 18 old ages and the UNCRC defines child labor as executing any work that is likely to be risky or to interfere with the kid s instruction, or to be harmful to the kid s wellness or physical, mental religious, moral or societal development ( article 32 of UNCRC ) . But India, though it ratified the UNCRC, is yet to recognize those definitions of kid and child labour to the full. So the best we can make to halt practising Child Labour is to advance mass consciousness: Insight into grounds behind kid labors Some common causes of child labour across geographicss are development of inexpensive and unorganised labor poorness, societal apathy, parental illiteracy, ignorance, deficiency of instruction and exposure. In some instances there is household pattern of instilling traditional accomplishments in kids which besides pulls immature members of the household inexorably in the trap of kid labor, because they are neer given the chance to larn anything else. Absence of mandatory instruction at the primary degree, ignorance of parents about the sick effects of plodding from really early age, uneffective and confusing kid labor Torahs, impractical class course of study, inexpensive kid labor are some of the factors that encourages many signifiers of child labor in India. It is besides hard for immature people to calculate out what is good or bad for them without the aid of an grownup counsel. Poverty and over population have been identified as the two chief causes of child labor. Poor parents are left with no pick but to direct their kids to risky occupations for ground of endurance even though they know that is unsafe to their kids. Monetary jobs lead their kids in the unforgiving trap of child labor from where they could non happen a manner to acquire out. Illiterate and nescient parents do non value the demand of proper physical, cognitive and emotional development of their kid. They are themselves uneducated and unexposed, so they barely recognize the importance of instruction in eliminating poorness. Adult unemployment and urbanisation besides causes child labor. More frequently or non grownups are left with no occupation because mill proprietors finds it more profitable to use kid at a cheaper rate than the grownups. These manner grownups relax in the house while kids are laboring difficult to feed many oral cavities. The industrial revolution Fosters some of its negative effects by giving rise to fortunes which encourages child labor. Sometimes multinationals prefer employment of child workers in the many developing states where kid protection Torahs are non decently implemented or purely followed. So they can be recruited for less wage and more work can be extracted from them and there is no brotherhood job with them. This attitude besides makes it hard for grownups to happen occupations in mills, coercing them to drive their small 1s to work to maintain the fire firing their homes.A The incidence of child labors would decrease well even in the face of poorness, if there are no parties willing to work them. Rigorous execution of child labour Torahs and practical and healthy options to replace this immorality can travel a long manner to work out the job of kid labor. Campaign Strategy Depending upon my understanding the mark section is in general everyone in the society because in some signifier or the other we are working an underprivileged kid, be as a house worker or working in a risky industry. The other mark is the hapless parents who are really forced to direct their kids to discontinue instruction and direct them to win staff of life for the household. Now a telecasting advertizement can be designed maintaining in head the lower in-between category to upper category of the stratum. But for the hapless people a telecasting ad run would non be effectual because of small or no exposure to telecasting of that subdivision of the multitudes. For this subdivision run has to be designed in printed format such as postings. Storyboard As told earlier we would aim the well off society and carry them to bump child labors through implanting a sense of moral and/or societal guilt into them and besides in some instances reminding them of legal reverberations of child labor. In instance of the printed format run I am suggesting to advance child instruction instead than child labor. After all an educated kid are more likely to acquire a good occupation and thereby stoping poorness to their household. Television Ad Give back my childhood Scene 1 The ad starts with demoing a male child from an flush household gets up coppices his dentitions and has his breakfast. At the same clip in the same house works a miss from a hapless household who gets up and fix that breakfast for the male child. Scene 2 Then the male child prepares his prep that his instructor given him while the miss is laboring hard with the family works-mopping floors, cleaning utensils etc. Scene 3 The male child returns back from school and gets a cocoa from his female parent while after 12 hours of plodding the miss merely gets Rs. 30. ( Melancholy background music is played all the clip to mean the weakness of the miss. ) Tagline A soft miss s voice stating, Even I am besides a kid. Then why am I persecuted? Give back my childhood. Printed Political campaign As mentioned earlier this type of run is specially meant for the hapless households who force their kid to set about strenuous physical labor for the interest of doing both ends meet. Promoting Education: This is designed to advance instruction among hapless and underprivileged kids. Parents of such hapless household can be convinced that if they study they will acquire occupation in the hereafter and that manner they can hold a better life. Child Labour is a cobweb of killing. This type of imagination will arouse strong emotional reaction to parents of those childs who are used as kid labors.

Why We Need Paragraphs

Why We Need Paragraphs Why We Need Paragraphs Why We Need Paragraphs By Sharon Reading a blog post or a web article should be easy. Some web pages have large blocks of text with very few breaks between them. When I see those, my brain does the TMI (too much information) dance and my eyes move on until they find something easier to look at. When you try to process an unbroken block of text, its like trying to eat a whole apple pie in one gulp. You may be able to do it, but youll probably get indigestion or choke in the attempt. Thats why paragraphs are important. Getting Attention Web readers have a short attention span. Thats why you need to make it easy. As you write, remember that you are taking your readers on a journey from point A to point B to point C. Paragraphs are just one of the ways that you do this. Web Usability When I worked as an editor, I spent a lot of time making long paragraphs shorter and making sure that each paragraph had a point. This also works for web content writing. All the advice I read on web usability suggests that you make one main point or cover one key idea in each paragraph. Then you expand on it a bit, then move on to the next one. That makes it easy for the eyes and the brain to process – and makes it more likely that people will read your blog posts. Using Subheadings Theres one more way to improve the experience for web content readers. Subheadings serve as navigational markers to tell readers whats coming in each paragraph. They can skip to the part that interests them, or get an idea whether they need to read the article or blog post at all. Use subheadings and small paragraphs and your readers will thank you and come back for more. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesHow to Punctuate with â€Å"However†45 Idioms About the Number One

Privacy and Security in E-Commerce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Privacy and Security in E-Commerce - Assignment Example An overly secure environment looks into the security of the transaction by creating passwords and logins in order to ensure privacy and confidentiality of the details of the transactions. In cases where e-commerce involves financial transactions, the risk of loss of money becomes high hence making security issues key to e-commerce. However, both open and overly secure environments have both advantages and disadvantages. There are various advantages of conducting business in open environments. First, users will not require login and passwords in order to navigate on the websites. Paying for items or making orders will not require one to give login for identification purposes. This makes the process easy and faster compared to a secure environment where login is required. The graphical user interface of open environments is simpler and easy to use hence cause customer satisfaction and convenience (Becker, 2008). Cost advantage also arises in an open environment. There is no cost involv ed in developing a secure environment thereby reducing the need to engage experts in developing the site. The costs of hosting such a website are also lower compared to that of an over security environment which requires shrewd experts to develop. However, the cost may arise where customers sue the business for protection purposes. On the other hand, browsing in an insecure open environment is characterized by various drawbacks. To begin with, the computers can be hacked thus infringing on private information. This may make the future transactions insecure and further cause loss of resources. Moreover, it would be easier to get computer virus attacks, which could stall operations and further cause loss of data that may be expensive to acquire. In addition, a company can be faced with innumerable cases from customers for violation of privacy. Because of the multiple suits, the company risks spending colossal amounts in compensating the customers. In instances that the transactions in volve payment of money or transfers of money, open environments are inappropriate because unauthorized third parties might access the customers’ private information. There are cases in which customers have been defrauded money hence causing panic and financial losses to the parties. If this happens, the customers’ confidence and trust are lost hence making open environments riskier and disadvantageous. Similar to an open environment, an overly secure environment also has several advantages and drawbacks. On the side of the advantages, overly secure environment makes customers feel secure therefore promoting online sales. The high number of sales increases the revenues and reduces transaction cost associated with physical transactions. The businesses in ensuring security further achieve their fiduciary obligations of making their customers secure and hence get shielded from legal cases that may arise. A feeling of security encourages repeat purchases. Secondly, overly s ecure environment ensures that the business information is protected from hackers and crackers. When online purchases are made in an open environment, the business equipment and information will remain confidential from being stolen.  

Dissertation conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation conclusion - Essay Example It is also expected that more babies will be born at home and this could endanger the health of infants and their mothers. The respondents also perceive that the downgrading and closure proposals will be disruptive to a feeling of community. Residents of Ealing will have to leave their community for the purpose of obtaining medical health care in a number of cases. This renders the community fragmented. The reality is, Ealing Hospital is a part of the Ealing community and will not serve the greater population of Ealing. In the meantime, the campaigns have served to bring the community together, if only for a temporary and limited purpose (See Figures 1 and 2). One respondent, a community member, felt that the proposed downgrading of the A&E ward was a necessity and served the greater good of the local community. In particular, the respondent noted that things could not continue as they were. For example between 50% and 60% of patients reporting for A&E services were not casualties an d therefore overtaxed an already overburdened health care system operating on a limited budget. Downgrading would reduce the budgetary demands and would redirect services elsewhere. If things continued as they were, the trusts in the area would eventually close altogether and everyone would lose access to much-needed health care services. Cuts were therefore not only necessary to avoid closure, but also to ensure that those who need health care services the most would be able to access it. As for the impact of downgrading and in particular the proposed closure of the maternity ward, the respondent did acknowledge that there were protests within the community. However, the respondent felt that whenever there are changes to a system, there will always be disappointment. This disappointment did not equate to evidence of negative outcomes. In fact, the respondent stated that there was no evidence of a negative impact on the local community. This respondent’s impressions were quit e different from the remaining respondents. The remaining respondents were far more pessimistic about the future trajectory of Ealing Hospital and the community impact. For example, a respondent member of the Trans Union participating in the Save Our Hospital campaign predicted that the hospital changes â€Å"will be a disaster†. This prediction was based on the medical needs of residents in Ealing and in particular the large population of disadvantaged residents with medical needs. One respondent who is a medical doctor, felt that the downgrading was due to budgetary constraints, debts, and the move toward privatisation which was a persistent trend in government services. Even so, the doctor did not think that downgrading was the solution to the problem. If anything, services in the Ealing hospital should be expanded. This is particularly so for the elderly, the uneducated, migrants and ethnic minorities service users. These categories of service users typically use public t ransport and in doing so will now have to make the journey farther away to access services

Gay and Lesbian Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gay and Lesbian Marriage - Essay Example This is clearly a situation where, while actions are happening on the micro level of society, the response is being created by the macro level of society. Gidden's Theory of Structuration looks in detail at how all levels of society interact and help to create the responses of the other levels. Gidden's suggests that no social structure is permanent; rather it is built upon the actions of those who reside inside of it. While society can not be explained from the macro level, it can also not be explained without it. By reviewing the concept of gay/lesbian marriage from through Gidden's theory, a clearer view of society emerges. Gidden's argues that there is a duality to social structure. While it is created by those who live in it, they are also bound to follow its' rules (Fuchs 1). While it is clearly ever changing, there are also certain areas which remain static, based upon the culture that is being reviewed. Gay/lesbian marriage is an issue that is currently affecting all cultures, causing slow changes to the status quo. In European nations, gay marriage is slowly gaining in acceptance. However, it still meets with strong disapproval in the United States. A key difference between the two societies is the religious factor. While most European countries claim Christianity as their religion, there is also a certain lax feature about religion. It is accepted that a person may or may not be religious, and that therefore not all people should be bound by religious ideals. At the same time, the United States claims

Protecting Information Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protecting Information Resources - Assignment Example Instead, one should memorize one’s PIN to prevent an identity thief from determining it. A third recommendation is analyzing one’s credit releases. To know about possible identity thefts, one should go through his or her credit reports regularly to view transactions, registrations, approvals, and any previous activity on one’s cards or accounts. Regular analysis hinders potential harm since one detects identity theft promptly. Fourthly, shredding documents with one’s personal information or numbers is a critical and safe way of disposing it. A shredding machine is the simplest, relatively cheap, and best way to safeguard oneself from dumpster divers. One hinders identity thieves from getting personal information from one’s trash by shredding document such as preapproved cards, checks, bank declarations, and deposit slips. Lastly, checking one’s mail early lowers exposure to mail theft. One can ask the post office to hold your mail when one has traveled for a given period. Also locking the mailbox prevents thieves from accessing mail with personal

Opportunity identification and selection in australia Research Paper

Opportunity identification and selection in australia - Research Paper Example years, with rising incomes in Asian and African countries, export opportunities have opened up and despite the low unit values of bread, innovations in processing and preservation of these products have made it worthwhile for companies involved in biscuit production to look into export markets. This report examines various external factors that are playing a significant role in the biscuit industry, especially in the context of recent developments. The baking sector in Australia is comprised of three primary sectors: (a) bread (b) biscuits and (c) cakes and pastries (www.daff.gov.au). Domestic consumption of biscuits is higher than exports and the sales of biscuit products contribute about a third of manufacturing turnover in the baking industry. According to the report on the baking industry which was published in 2001, 75% of the retail trade in biscuits occurs through supermarkets, with the market being concentrated and dominated by the major corporate entities, Arnotts and George Weston Foods; while exports had jumped to 63 million dollars with over 50% of these exports being directed towards New Zealand (www.daff.gov.au). These trends appear to be continuing because according to an industry upgrade report in 2006-7, the trends in the biscuit industry still show a preponderance of sales through giant supermarket chains. The biscuit industry has changed somewhat in the past decade. In Australia, the biscuit industry has traditionally been restricted to the domestic markets, but exports have been increasing. The major changes in the external environment which are necessitating changes in the operation of biscuit companies are (a) increasing automation of biscuit manufacture (b) the need to comply with Government regulation (c) changes in patterns of consumer nutrition (d) rationalisation and consolidation and (e) use of toll or contract manufacturing. All of these aspects are discussed further below, because they are the major external mandates which have

Protecting Information Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protecting Information Resources - Assignment Example Instead, one should memorize one’s PIN to prevent an identity thief from determining it. A third recommendation is analyzing one’s credit releases. To know about possible identity thefts, one should go through his or her credit reports regularly to view transactions, registrations, approvals, and any previous activity on one’s cards or accounts. Regular analysis hinders potential harm since one detects identity theft promptly. Fourthly, shredding documents with one’s personal information or numbers is a critical and safe way of disposing it. A shredding machine is the simplest, relatively cheap, and best way to safeguard oneself from dumpster divers. One hinders identity thieves from getting personal information from one’s trash by shredding document such as preapproved cards, checks, bank declarations, and deposit slips. Lastly, checking one’s mail early lowers exposure to mail theft. One can ask the post office to hold your mail when one has traveled for a given period. Also locking the mailbox prevents thieves from accessing mail with personal

Haven''t figure out Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Haven''t figure out - Article Example Culture, on the other hand, represents the set of practices that define a particular society. Persons with the same culture tend to have similar interpretations of the surrounding events. The reason is that the individuals share that the linguistics they share represent. In other words, the linguistics of a particular society tends to illuminate on the culture of a particular society. The reason is that the language is the biggest composition of the culture of a particular people. The culture thus involves the different behaviors that make up the lifestyle of a particular group. The cultural difference is the distinction that tends to form a contrast in different ideas that are acceptable to the contrasting societies. However, the variation may be due to the different level of understanding or due to other factors. Those people practices are the primary sources of the differences in culture. The study of culture, language and the consequent culture differences tend to have a significant impact. The step is the source for cohesion in most of the conflicting societies in the world. The understanding of culture and the basic changes that characterize its transmission help in the knowledge of the behavior and attitudes of the society under study. The perception tends to improve on the mutual tolerance. The action correspondingly improves on the unity and peace that characterizes the populations that accrue around the globe. The article above is a constituent article that can appear in a magazine or a periodical. However, the best document is an online site. The site is optimum since it tends to provide a direct link and distribution of the literature is simpler and much easier to reach the target market. The focus on the culture and the different perspectives needs to appear in weekly publications (Jones, 2002). The reason is that the topic on culture is significant in the maintenance of a cohesive society. Besides, the publication

College Pressure Essay Example for Free

College Pressure Essay William Zinsser’s in his essay â€Å"College Pressure† published 1979, describes the pressures Yale students have economic, parental, and peer/self- induced. He says that these pressures make students afraid to take a risk and to try to take different paths. He wants them to believe in themselves and to try to enjoy their time in college. I have been a student at Reedley Community College for two years and the pressure I experience as a student and a mother are different from that the Yale student experienced. The first pressure that Yale students and I experience is economic pressure. Zinsser explains that in the 1970’s â€Å"tuition, room, and board at most private colleges comes at least $7000† (par.12).He also explains how much pressure Yale students are under, that â€Å"even if the [student] works part time during school and full time during the summer†, but accrue $5000 in loans after four years, loans that the [student] must start to repay within one year after graduation† (par.13). Then, Zinsser goes on to say that no matter how hard the student works he or she will be under pressure to pay back all the money he used. I relate to this pressure, but in a very different way. Although the cost of school for me is relatively low, I have four kids that are away at college. Having four children needing help with tuition and books puts a lot of financial pressure on me as a parent. Also, having six kids in general, three of which are girls, is expensive regardless. The country’s economic disparity has left personal finances tight and puts me under a lot of pressure to make sure my kids have everything that they need and that all bills are paid. Another pressure William Zinsser’s mentions is parental pressure which Yale students and I feel but slightly different .It refers to the amount of pressure students get from their parents. The students are being torn between pleasing their parents and pleasing themselves. Zinsser’s mentions that â€Å"often times students are walking to labs as though they are walking to the dentist.(par.15) Students are taking on majors in a course of study that they do not necessarily like, however, in order to keep their parents happy they take them on. They are under pressure because they want to please their parents but they’re unhappy they want to do. Because they aren’t doing what. Because I am an adult this pressure does not really apply to me. However, I do feel the pressure from my children. My children expect me to get good grades, as well as maintain everything in the house. When dinner is not made on time because of my homework, my children get upset. They also complain about laundry not being done quickly enough. Although they support me, their expectations of me put me under a lot of pressure. The final pressure that Zinsser mentions is Peer/ self-induced pressure which are a pressure that Yale students and I apply on us. Students apply unnecessary pressure on them by comparing themselves to their peers. Zinsser mentions that a student he calls Linda â€Å"who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbra was much brighter and studied all the time.† This student is a perfect example of making an unnecessary comparison which stresses her out. This pressure leads to students over work them-selves. â€Å"A professor will assign five-page papers†. â€Å"Several students will start writing ten-page papers to impress him.†(par.27). Instead of just following the guidelines of an assignment they are trying to shoot above and beyond the requirements. I can really relate to this pressure because I do add a lot of stress on myself. I immediately assume everyone is doing better than me which makes me work harder, but at the same time it causes me to over work myself. I have to make sure all my kids need are done, and then I stay up late to make sure all my school work is done. This pressure affects me negatively because I add a lot of stress on myself that does not need to be added. Instead of focusing on my growth academically. I am always worried about who is doing better than me in class. A couple of ways I am trying to manage my stress is by making daily and weekly to-do lists and putting the most important at the top and working my way down. It’s a great way to manage my time as well. Being that I am a mother of six, my stress level seems like it’s multiplied by seven and I need to be able to put some of that stress aside and finally focus on my schooling since my oldest is twenty-two and my youngest is thirteen. Another great way I make stresses more manageable is by keeping procrastination to a huge minimum. If work that is assigned gets gradually done before the due date, it won’t all pile up the night before causing you to panic. Stress always piles up and it occurs more than any of us would like, but it shouldn’t be a reason to fail. By overcoming these pressures, we become stronger at the end.

Functions of Management | Reflective Essay

Functions of Management | Reflective Essay About Management Processes From the Business Strategy Game, I learned that first important process for a company to determine its future business path was to set a strategic and realistic planning about what is the company goal, how long the goal will be achieved and how to achieve the goal among the competition. In setting the plan, company should define first what is their mission statement or strategic vision. This mission statement is a statement which indicates the purposes and activities of the companys business/goals in brief, clear and focus words. Along with mission statement, company must clearly define its objectives quantitatively within certain period. From these quantitative objectives, company could set a realistic and attainable long term strategic planning to allocate budget and resources in the company. In strategic planning, company should define clearly its target market, financial objective and competitive position among the industry. This strategic planning will be the direction of the co mpany in running its business. After setting the strategic planning, company should design an organization structure to manage the company effectively, by designating persons who will in charge in each roles and held responsibility in each area of the business in the company (marketing, finance, operation, sales and so on), especially the person who will be responsible as the leader of the company (as CEO). The role of CEO is very essential because he/she must lead company to the right direction in implementing company strategy to achieve companys objectives. From the clear and effective organization structure, CEO and management will have clear legitimation and authority in directing all resources in the company to implement the companys strategy. Finally, the company should closely and intensively controlling and monitoring the performance of the strategy during implementation to assess its progress against the pre-defined targets and ensure that all the company elements were doing their parts and responsibility in the right track. About Management Functions In a company, management should establish the right and important functions which will run the company operational activities, define what are the responsibilities of each functions and ensure that each functions performed in accordance with the company objectives. In order to give more value to the company in terms of profitability, management should work together to set a strategy in making companys output (product or services) more competitive in the market by considering all aspects involved. As an example, to gain more profitability company could set pricing strategy to be higher or lower compare to market but before decided the price, company should consider other aspects such as costs, quality and resources needed in creation of the product or services. About Working in Teams In working as a team member in the company, it is very important to determine a clear designation about who will act as the leader and the follower. Because if theres no clear designation, potentially will cause the resources in the company to move to the wrong direction and this will destruct company effort in achieving its objectives. As a leader, a person should show the ability to manage and to coach the entire team member to do their tasks properly, and he/she should has willingness to listen and appreciation to his/her followers insights at the same time. And as a follower, one should give respect to the leader and obey the leader decisions. But it is important too for the company to define what is the follower assignment and designation, because if it is not clearly defined, the follower couldnt perform nor contributed optimally in attaining companys objective process. What I plan to do in my work place from the experience and lessons I took from the BSG are : As the leader of my unit I will put more effort to be an effective and efficient leader of my unit and will put more awareness to all my team member that our jobs especially in designing the most efficient operational work flow in my company has essential impact in saving the company budget and optimizing company resources which will contributed in achieving the companys objective especially in financial aspect and giving more value to the customer and shareholder. And furthermore I will spend more time and effort to evaluate designation and job description for each member of my team, to put the right person to the right job and responsibility. If the designation and job description were not fit or not clear to the team member, it will impact to the performance of the working unit itself because each team member do not know exactly what is their role in their working unit. As a member of my management team I will put more consideration and attention about financial impact of any decision that my management made. From the BSG, I see that all activities in each working unit must be contributed and affected to the company strategic planning especially in achieving financial goals. And I will put more respect to any member and any decision of my management team made, even though sometimes the decision seems to be hard to be implement, I will try to see it from wider perspective that the decision must be made deliberately and considered many important aspects which ending is to give more value for the company.

sports marketing :: essays research papers fc

When it comes to sports television what you can see on certain stations has become a very specific and high money motivated system. Whether the sport is baseball, football, the Olympics, NASCAR or college sports the industry has grown in leaps and bounds. But in order to see this concept fully grow into a big business situation you must first look at its humble and less complicated beginnings. In the beginning the NCAA was just a mere thought in somebodies head. In 1905 a meeting between the then President Roosevelt and 13 athletic institutions directors sparked the debate over college football schedules and who was going to play whom. Of course with this conversation football playing rules were discussed. Because of this and other meetings the IAAUS (Intercollegiate Athletics Association of the United States) was formed. In 1906 the program was changed to its now famous name of the NCAA. In 1952 a program to control live television of football games was approved, the annual convention delegated enforcement powers to the Association’s Council and legislation was adopted governing post season bowl games. The Association’s membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions in 1973 at the first special Convention ever held. Five years later, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in the sport of football. Nearly 25 years later the program was making billion dollar deals to just sell the rights to show a particular championship games. In 1999 the negotiation of a comprehensive championships rights agreement with CBS was worth potentially $6 billion dollars payout over 11 years. This was not always the way as you can already tell by the previous history on the NCAA, the mom and pop concept was gone to a big business, corporate event. In the beginning coaches came together, in the NCAA, to decide which schools within their conference would play against other schools in the conference. Certain schools later on would extend invitations to join conferences or to have conference playoffs but none the less things were decided by the individuals rather than big business. In the early 90's negotiations became more and more and the coaches had the scheduling taken out of their hands and it was out into the hands of big business. Next we can tackle the kinds of schedules that exist for sports and which are used most often. There are two types of schedules for sports programming, temporally constrained schedules and temporally relaxed schedules.

A Computerized Payroll System

Abstract 1. 0Introduction1-1 1. 1Statement of the Problem 1-1 1. 2Current state of the Technology 1-2-1-4 1. 3Objectives 1-5 1. 3. 1General Problem 1-5 1. 3. 2Specific Problem 1-5 – 1-6 1. 3. 3General Objectives1-6 1. 3. 4Specific Objectives 1-6 – 1-7 1. 3. 5Scope and Limitations 1-7 – 1-9 2. 0Theoretical Framework2-1 2. 1Introduction 2-1 2. 2Database Management 2-2 2. 3Information System2-2 2. 4Transaction Processing System2-3 2. 5Computer2-3 2. 5. 1Hardware2-3 2. 5. 2Software2-4 2. 5. 3Microsoft Access2-4 2. 5. 4Microsoft Word2-4 3. A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3-1 3. 1. Introduction 3-1 3. 2 System Design Specification 3-1 3. 3 System Development Life Cycle Diagram 3-2 – 3-4 3. 3. 1. System Planning 3-2 3. 3. 2. System Analysis 3-3 3. 3. 3. System Design 3-3 3. 3. 4. System Implementation3-4 3. 3. 5. System Maintenance 3-4 Data Flow Diagram of Regular Employees (Current System) 3-5 Data Flow Diagram of Contractual Employees (Current System) 3-6 3. 3 Proposed Data Diagram 3-7- 3-8 3. 4 Entity Relationship Diagram 3-9 3. 5 Input Specification 3-10- 3-12 Data Structure of Database: Personal Data 3-10 Data Structure of Database: Regular payroll3-10-3-11 Data Structure of Database: Formula for Regular 3-10 Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll3-11-3-12 Data Structure of Database: Formula for Contractual 3-12 Data Structure of Database: Deductions 3-12 4. 0. Performance Analysis 4-1 4. 1. Introduction 4-1 4. 2. Experimental 4. 3. Data Gathering Procedures and Output4-2 4. 3. 1. Interview 4-2 4. 3. 2. Observation4-2 – 4-3 4. 4. Research Method 4-3 4. 4. 1. Internet 4-3- 4-4 4. 4. 2. Library 4-4 5. 0. Conclusion 5-1 5. 1. Recommendation 5-1-5-2 Appendices Appendix A (work schedule) Appendix B (Certification and letter) Appendix C (transcript of interview) Appendix D (sample forms and reports) Appendix E (expenses) Appendix f (screen shots) 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1Statement of the Problem Not so long ago, all payrolls used to be calculated manually without any help from the computer. Professional’s accountants invested a lot of time and energy into keeping track of all employee data, files and information, calculating monthly salaries, benefits and taxes. And they did this all by keeping numerous files filled with track records for each and every person employed. Nowadays, however, thing are for more simple than they used to be. Because technology is always dedicated to making thing easier and better, quite a wide variety of computerized payroll system is available to save us from this tedious task. Now instead of keeping dozens of files and spending in less hours calculating, all you have to do is get a payroll software system and let it do the nasty work. The computerized payroll system saves time and money easy to use and practical. Manual payroll system is performed entirely by hand and can result in payroll errors and usually slow process. Nowadays business establishment on corporation must use modern technologies to make their tasks easier and faster, technologies that will help people to solve complex problems. Businesses needs advance system that saves time and also secure. Most of company now uses computerized payroll system. A computerized payroll system will not only resolve difficult problems but also it will provide fast process and accurate calculation of the salary. 1. 2Current State of the Technology Transaction processing systems offer enterprises the means to rapidly process transactions to ensure the smooth flow of data and the progression of processes throughout the enterprise. Managing a payroll system manually is a tedious job. Hours worked, taxes, and government deduction are calculated y hand, error in computation can occur as a result. Making sure that each employee is paid accordingly and on time is a management responsibility that should be carefully planned and executed. Failure to manage a payroll effectively may cause many problems for the company and its employees. It could mean loss of money, integrity, and trust between both parties. Oftentimes, it takes many hours of work and manpower to get the job done. In certain cases, effective payroll management is compromised by the lack of an effective system. Most companies may have enough manpower and resources. However, with an effective information technology, managing a payroll will be simpler, cost-effective, timely and reliable. One of the companies that use manual payroll system is the Arias Garments. It was established last September 18, 1994 at #88 Bargy. Latag, Lipa City, under the management of Mr. Alex Arias together with his wife Mrs. Anita Carol Katigbak. It started with only forty machines and ten employees. The capital of Arias Garments is Php 500,000. 00. By 1996, Arias Garments became the subcontractor of Champan Garments. Champan Garments produce and transport products like Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy, and Hilfinger. As of now, Arias Garments have 176 machines and 100 employees (40 regular and 60 contractual). 8:00AM is the time-in of employees, 4:00PM is the time out, and they consider 8:15AM as late. Employees who are late or either log-out earlier than 4:00PM will have a deduction on their wages (deduction is 0. 61 per minutes late or under time). First offense, for late and employees who under time, will be given warning, second and third offense is suspension and fourth offense is termination. Manufacturing is their main business, their product lines are: Jeans, Skirts, and shorts for maternity, infants, and kinds. Their clients are from different countries: Japan, UK, Hongkong, China, and Taiwan. Arias Garments is not allowed to sell or manufacture product here in Philippines, because this is an agreement between Arias and Champan Garments. They also have regular and contractual employee, when it comes to salary it is still the same, Php293. 0 is the salary rate per day. Regular employees have government benefits (SSS, PagIbig, and Phil health). Arias Garments is a minimum wage earner that’s why they are paying the minimum amount on the government deduction. PagIbig deduction is Php100. 00 per month, since weekly is the cut-off period Php100. 00 will be divided by four because there are four weeks in a month; Php25. 00 is the deduction per cut-off period on PagIbig. In PhilHealth, Php50. 00 is the per month, so per cut-off period is Php12. 50. Regarding with SSS deduction the Compliance Officer is provided a table of deduction given by SSS. Since employees are minimum wage earner they have to pay Php133. 30 month or Php33. 33 per cut-off period. Contractual employees don’t have benefits; it means they don’t have to pay government deduction. Employees of Arias Garments are not paying taxes, because they are minimum wage earner and do not receive allowance from the company, therefore they are zero rated or tax free. Regarding to holiday, employees who work during holiday will have a double pay. Regular employees who worked, one year and above have a vacation leave ( policy regarding to leave olicy is written at the back part at appendix ___? ) They used daily time card to monitor the attendance of employees and every Thursday is their cut-off period. Accounting Process is managed by the Compliance Officer namely, Mrs. Korina Navarro. She manually computes every day the employee’s wages and necessary deductions, she spent three hours a day to finish and update the employee’s wages. By looking th rough the time card she manages to compute the days worked of 100 employees’s that causes inaccurate and delay computation of the weekly salary. Reports for SSS, PagIbig, and Phil health will be prepared by the Compliance Officer that consume most of her time in a day. Because of huge number of Arias Garments employees, the Compliance Officer encounter different problem like slow transaction and inaccurate computation of wages and deductions, inaccurate report generation and ineffective creation of pay slip. 1. 3Objectives 1. 3. 1General Problem How to design, develop and improve the current payroll system of Arias Garments? 1. 3. 2Specific Problem †¢How to add and update the employee’s record faster? Based on interview the Compliance Officer takes more of her time on adding and updating employee’s record. Because of big number of Arias Garments employee, it causes inaccurate input on adding and updating data. †¢How to make accurate computations of the employee’s payroll? Based on the interview conducted, the Compliance Officer of Arias Garments computes the employee’s salary includes certain deductions (SSS, Phil Health and PagIbig) and necessary leave, absence, holiday pay, and under time that are carefully considered for the computations of the net pay manually. Exchanging and inaccurate results usually happened. Arias Garments create their pay slip manually also, in this case the compliance officer has to look at the table all over again to verify each of the employee’s salary and write it down on a pay slip to formalized the wage slow transaction and inaccurate pay slip is the often result. †¢How to minimize the time preparing the weekly employee reports? Based on observation the compliance officer is the only one who prepares the weekly employee reports that consume most of her time in a day. Arias Garments monitoring system is executed manually, therefore generating reports consume more time. 1. 3. 3General objectives This study aims to improve the current payroll system of Arias Garments by developing and designing a computerized payroll. 1. 3. 4Specific Objectives Specifically, the study aims: †¢To develop an Information Module that will contain personal information of employees. This module will improve the procedures of adding and updating files and record of employees of Arias Garments through the use of computerized payroll information module, which will minimize the time in adding and updating processes. †¢To develop a transaction module that will compute the wages and deductions such as PagIbig, SSS, Phil Health, and absence. This module will automatically compute necessary government deductions needed in providing weekly wages. This will serve as a guide in computing wages. This will also contain a print-out salary and deductions of the employees. This will automatically print-out the computed salary of employees in a computerized pay slip. †¢To develop a report generation module, that will generate weekly reports to be use by the Compliance Officer. The proposed system will also contain the report generation module which will offer faster way of creating weekly reports. This module will generate reports easier than Microsoft Excel. . 3. 5Scope and Limitations The system will focus mainly on transaction of calculating employee’s wages by using Microsoft Access. It will guarantee maintenance of employee’s personal records and transaction. The proposed system will be using Microsoft Access. The system has a data base that stores all the employees record needed in payroll computation. Thi s includes the personal data of every employee, government deductions and other deductions. Computation for contractual and regular employees will be separated. The Computerized Payroll System will contain the major following major module: †¢Information Module This module contains the personal information about the employees of the Arias Garments. In this module Compliance Officer can add, delete, edit and update easily the information about employees. †¢Transaction Module This module is for the computation of the employee’s payroll for their weekly wages. Computation on deduction such SSS, PagIbig, PhilHealth, late and under time will automatically computed and deducted in this module. †¢Report Generation Module This module will generate weekly reports such as employees payslip, SSS, PagIbig, and PhilHealth Contribution. The Compliance Officer can view or print-out the needed reports. This will help the management in a faster salary distribution for the employees. This study will not involve the use of other electronic devices such as swiping machines, barcode readers, touch screen and programmable keyboard due to the lack of financial capability of the proponents to buy such equipments and Arias Garments does not consider those devices at present time due to their budget allocation. Time-in and time-out of the employees will not be included in the system. Employees will still use the daily time card to monitor their attendance. Compliance Officer will just transfer the employee attendance by typing in to the system. User name and user password is not provided on the system. Financial calculation is not included in the system; only employees can be calculated in the system. Furthermore, the system would be limited only for creation of pay slips, generation of reports and record keeping. The system will not include accounting process such computation of debit, credit, and cash on hand. The system is designed in such a manner that Compliance Officer with minimal computer knowledge will be able to learn and later master all the procedures provided. Therefore, it will not be necessary to hire additional staff. 2. 0Theoretical Framework 2. Introduction A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts, like a theory but not necessarily so well worked-out. A theoretical framework guides your research, determining what things you will measure, and what statistical relationships you will look for. Theoretical frameworks are obviously critical in deductive, theory-testing sorts of studies. In those kinds of studies, the theoretical framework must be very specific and well-thought out. Surprisingly, theoretical frameworks are also important in exploratory studies, where you really don't know much about what is going on, and are trying to learn more. There are two reasons why theoretical frameworks are important here. First, no matter how little you think you know about a topic, and how unbiased you think you are, it is impossible for a human being not to have preconceived notions, even if they are of a very general nature. A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts, like a theory but not necessarily so well worked-out. A theoretical framework guides your research, determining what things you will measure, and what statistical relationships you will look for. 2. 2Database Management A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured. 2. 3Information System Information Systems (IS) is an academic/professional discipline bridging the business field and the well-defined computer science field that is evolving toward a new scientific area of study. An information systems discipline therefore is supported by the theoretical foundations of information and computations such that learned scholars have unique opportunities to explore the academics of various business models as well as related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline. . 4 Transaction Processing System A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise. A transaction is any event that passes the ACID test in which data is generated or modified before storage in an information system. Transaction processing systems offer enterprises the me ans to rapidly process transactions to ensure the smooth flow of data and the progression of processes throughout the enterprise. 2. Computer A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. 2. 5. 1Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals. Together, they all fall under the category of computer hardware. Software, on the other hand, consists of the programs and applications that run on computers. Because software runs on computer hardware, software programs often have system requirements that list the minimum hardware required for the software to run. 2. 5. 2Software Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. 2. 5. 3Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is the database application from the Microsoft Office Suite of applications. It is a powerful personal database and data manipulation tool that is also widely used in many small businesses. Database consists of tables, their relationship to one another, queries, reports, forms. Macros and filters. 2. 5. 4Microsoft Word Word includes templates to design documents used routinely in office environments such as sales letters, mailing label formats and invoices. A program to type text. 3. 0A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3. 1Introduction The proposed system will be using Microsoft Access for the database. The system will have a data base that stores all the employee records needed in payroll computation. This includes information of every employee and government deductions. The system have a information, transaction and report generation module. The proposed system is designed only for the use of Arias Garments which is located at #88 Brgy. Latag, Lipa City. The system would be limited only for the creation of pay slips, generation of reports and record keeping. 3. 2System Design Specification The proposed system is determined to eliminate all the problems encountered in using the manual operations in the payroll system. The primary goal of the proponents is to develop a computerized system that will help the user reduce the burden of time processing of payroll with integrity and accuracy. The proponents used System development Life Cycle, because it is systematic and has an orderly approach in analyzing the projects. The first step is System Planning, second is system analysis, third is system design, fourth is system implementation and last is system support. The system was developed in order to solve the problems of the current payroll of Arias Garments. System development Life Cycle System Planning The planning phase includes several elements such as identification of objectives, assessment of resources, scanning the environment, determination and evaluation of alternative sources of action toward the achievement of objectives. The proponents did the initial investigation as what solution is necessary in order to improve the current manual payroll system of the Arias Garments. The proponents gather information through interviews, and observation of the current payroll system of Arias Garments. This study aims to design, develop and improved the current manual payroll system of Arias Garments to lessen the time being consumed in computing salaries and generating all necessary reports. System Analysis The purpose is to analyze the Arias Garments problem or situation and then to define the requirements for new or improved payroll system. The proponents worked with the Compliance Officer of Arias Garments in order to better understand how they managed their current payroll system and how proponents can provide the best alternative solution. System design The scope of a system design remains the single payroll system application from system analysis. The purposed is to design a computerized technical solution that meets the payroll system requirements as specified in system analysis. Proponents used the best solution that they devised in the system analysis phase. Proponents provide effective input to information like the formula, field name and type. Proponents used techniques of a good form and screen design. System Implementation The purposed of the system implementation is defined by the technology related components of the payroll system application. The purpose is to construct and or assemble the technical components and deliver the new improved payroll system into operation. The system is carefully tested to make sure that there are no errors. The proponents turn the system design into credible working system using Microsoft Access. System Maintenance The purposed of the system maintenance is to sustain and support the system for the remainder of its useful life. The proponents will use a proof implementation review process to monitor, evaluate and modify the system as needed. The proponents will keep in touch with the payroll officers for them to communicate with each other about the installed payroll system program. If ever those errors are encountered, the proponents will do all of the necessary corrections the soonest possible time. This phase will continue as long as the system is in use. 3. 3Proposed Data Flow Diagram of Arias Garments The proposed system was developed in order to solve the problems of the current manual payroll of Arias Garments. The system will monitor the time-in and time-out of the employees and calculate hours worked in payroll transaction. Employee’s records and files will be kept in a secured database for necessary updating and deletion purposes. The system will also generate weekly reports and computerized pay slip for every employee. 3. 4Entity Relationship Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram is use to identify the relationships between each table from database. Each table has a primary key that connect the table to another table to know if it is connected to other tables. 3. Input Specification Data Structure of Database: Personal Data Data Structure of Database: Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Deductions 3. 6Output Specification Data Structure of Database: Personal Data Data Structure of Database: Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Deductions 4. 0Performance Analysis 4. 1Introduction Performance analysis involves gathering formal and informal data to help customers and sponsors define and achieve their goals. Performance analysis uncovers several perspectives on a problem or opportunity, determining any and all drivers towards or barriers to successful performance, and proposing a solution system based on what is discovered. Based on interview and observation the solution for the problem encountered by Arias Garments is to improve their current payroll system. 4. 2Experimental The experimental method is the only method of research that can truly test hypotheses concerning cause-and-effect relationships. It represents the most valid approach to the solution of educational problems, both practical and theoretical, and to the advancement of education. The proponents use Microsoft Excel to determine the difference with Microsoft Access. Proponents found out that Microsoft Access is easy to use and more advance when it comes to features. By browsing the Microsoft Access proponents became more familiar on it and they can now make a Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments. 4. 3Data Gathering Procedures and Output In data gathering, the proponents used different procedures and techniques that became the first touch of defining problems encountered by Arias Garments. The proponents set an interview with the Compliance Officer in order to gather facts. The second technique is observation, as to clearly understand and support the conducted interview. Library and internet is also use. 4. 3. 1Interview Interview is a technique used to gather information about the subject of the study. Relevant set of questions were prepared for the Compliance Officer, Mrs Korina Navarro in order to gather information on how they manage their current Payroll System. The transcript of interview is on the back page at apendex____? 4. 3. 2Observation Observation is very effective information gathering. In able to understand clearly the problem of the current system or to know what solutions should be made, observation is one technique that should be practiced. Observation is performed by the proponents in order to know and understand the daily transaction of Arias Garments. Based on the observation conducted, computation and deductions are done manually in their current payroll by the Compliance Officer. Often, results are slow transaction and inaccurate computation of salary. 4. 4Research Method Can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. 4. 4. 1Internet The proponents used internet because, internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of information. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. Throughout the development of the system and documentation particularly in chapter 2, 3, and 4, the proponents use goggle, yahoo, Wikipedia as search engine for defining terms like theoretical framework, database management, transaction processing system, information system, computer, hardware, software, Microsoft Access and word for chapter 2 and the different phases of system development life cycle for chapter 3. Data gathering, interview, observation, research method, internet and library for chapter 4. The following website that we have research are: References: [http://www. estpricecomputers. co. uk/glossary/transaction-processing-systems. htm] [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Information_system] [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computer] [http://www. google. com. ph] 4. 3. 2 Library It means the collection itself, the building or room that houses such a collection. The proponents conducted library research at STI College Lipa Library. Information was gathered by the proponents fr om different thesis about payroll system like â€Å"A Computerized Payroll System for the office of the City Veterinarian and Agriculture services and some other books like Database Processing and MS Office ’97. Screen Shot No. : 1 Screen Name: Welcome Screen Shot No. : 2 Description: Arias Garments Logo’s Screen Shot No. : 3 Description: all modules Screen Shot No. : 4 Description: this is Information form, can add, delete and update employees record. Screen Shot No. : 5 Description: Form for the computation of regular employee’s salary. Screen Shot No. : 6 Description: Form for the computation of contractual employee’s salary Screen Shot No. : 7 Description: Reports Screen Shot No. 8 Description: Payslip ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Words are not enough to express the depth of gratitude for those special people who unselfishly shared their time, helping hands, words of encouragement and most of all love, which contributed to the fulfillment of this endeavor. Coming from our heart with all sincerity we wish to thank the following: Engr. Ramon P. Flores IV, Dean and our instructor in research and development for the concern, comments, hel pful advice and encouragement to finish this study. Arias Garments, especially to Ms. Korina Navarro the Compliance Officer, for allowing us to conduct interview and providing the information and written document for pursuing this study. Ms. Thelma Sarmiento and Ms. Daisy Oracion, IT instructors for their worthy suggestion and sharing knowledge for fulfilment of our system. Mr. Antonio Fernandez BSBM Head, for giving us some suggestion and moral support for the fulfillment of this study. Ms. Isabelita Socias, STI Lipa Librarian for allowing us to use the library. Mr. Leonardo Babol III, giving us the permission you use the permission STI Computer Laboratory. Mr. Lloyd Wendell Aguilar, for guiding us when we are using computers in the Computer Laboratory. Friends and Classmates, for encouragement and support. Beloved Parents, for their all-out love, concern and understanding, moral and financial support which contributed significantly in the accomplishment and fulfilment of the study. And to Almighty God, for never-ceasing guidance in helping us to overcome all of our day-today difficulties and for not leaving us in time of hardship. Thank you very much. Proponents: Ms. Arnalyn S. Arellano Ms. Marry Ann A. Adona Ms. Christine Rose R. Arellano BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: [1997]Microsoft Office ‘97 System Technology Institute PHP and SQL Web Development (3rd Edition) Luke Welling and Laura Thomson Unpublished Thesis: [CAV 2004]Vergara, Carmen A. A computerized Payroll System for the Office of the City of Veterinarian and Agriculture March 2004 World Wide Web: Http://www. goggle. com. ph] Http://www. Transaction-processing-system. htm] [Http://www. wikepedia. org/wiki/computer]

Racial Discrimination in US Employment

The United States has been long considered as a nation defined by diversity. An article from the website Mesriani Law Group mentioned that this country is a point where in culture and faces meet. It is the union of languages into one word, and images of many people into one name. However, it cannot be helped that cultures would clash, and the array of disagreements could be far and wide. It cannot be helped that some minds could remain closed even after all the decades different people co-existed. There remains biases and stereotypes, which label so many people with negative names.Although there has been actions and campaigns to counter this unjust behavior in society, it cannot be helped that the ideal one nation is still under construction. Racial discrimination is also most evident in the workplace, where the battle for the better color continues. It could be the pressure from the norms constructed then construed by society. It could be the tradition they never outgrew. It could b e the close-mindedness of people developed by years of inclusion from the many realities of life.Whatever caused this unjust treatment in the workplace, it persists to be a problem in an individuals professional life. This paper aimed to give light to the basic laws that protect the employees from the different forms of discrimination in the workplace. Finding the basic information one should know about this unjust activities is essential in finding conclusions regarding the matter. Furthermore, this paper aims to relate cases into the deliberation to have a firmer grasp about the issue at hand. This is to re-establish the reality of this issue in the country.Discussion Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 With the rise in statistics regarding racial discrimination in the country, laws were also raised and deliberated upon to protect those who experience this kind of injustice. According to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, there is a law that aimed to protect the individuals who are discriminated against due to their race and place of origin, as well as their sexual orientation and religion. The law also aimed to protect those who are discriminated due to the color of their hair and eyes.This category also includes individuals who are in anyway associated with any particular culture that is different from the host country. This law is the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Employment cannot be denied of any person due to the color of their skins. This law also mentioned that it is applicable to any organization. The local and state government organizations are not exempted from this law and should abide by it. Under this law, it is also prohibited to make organizational decisions based on the stereotypes and general assumptions of different cultures.They cannot point specifically the different races, even those multi-racial individuals, when regarding the total functioning of the organization. In this light, it is considered unlawfu l to evaluate an individual for recruitment, hiring promotion and termination based on the color of their skin. Their wages and other privileges in their employment should not be affected by this factor as well. Organizations should be very particular that they do not have policies that may spite or render a culture discriminated against. Instead, they should be able to adapt a one culture that discourages racial slurs and prejudices.Kinds of Racial Discrimination in the Workplace According to the aforementioned website Mesriani, there are two kinds of situations wherein racial discrimination occurs. This needs to be re-established so find certain solutions to remedy the predicament. The first kind of racial discrimination is the Disparate Treatment. This is the basic form of racial discrimination where the individual is judged by his or her ethnic background and other similar characteristics that may bring about a similar impact on the individual. The second kind is called Disparat e Impact.This, on the other hand, is discrimination brought about by the policies rendered by management, which had a negative effect on an individual based on the color of his or her skin. Website Making Sense also mentioned these kinds of racial discrimination. But they called these as Direct and Indirect discrimination respectively. Those Who Need Protection These people who are being discriminated against need all the protection they could get. They are the people of color, and there exists a certain spite in between. As much as anyone would need, an individual needs to make a living to survive this fast paced society.If they would be discriminated against in employment, then these individuals are only offered the kind of jobs that were stereotyped to fit them. They will not be able to grow, not have any professional advancement, regardless of their capabilities and educational attainment. Furthermore, a lot of individuals of color have superior knowledge and skills. But because of discrimination, they cannot surpass judgmental eyes and their own aspirations. They are unable to make a career and a life because certain people think that they are not capable of doing anything except for menial and routine jobs.Should not one look far beyond, and go deeper than the color of one's skin? Those Who are Liable On the other hand, who are liable for this kind of unjust treatment in the workplace? Website the New Black Magazine wrote that those who ultimately are liable in such situations are the employers. They are in charge and are responsible for the welfare of every employee, regardless of race and certain physical features of an individual. When an employee is involved in the case of discrimination, both he and the employers are taken during the deliberation.It is a rare case though, as the magazine mentioned, for the employer to win against a case of racial discrimination in their office. In the cases when they do, the case continues against the employee invol ved. Race Relations Act of 1976 Simultaneously, there is another act that aims to protect different races. This is called the Race Relations Act of 1976. This, on the other hand, also aims to protect individuals not only in employment but also in housing, education, and the availing of other products and services.On top of daunting discrimination, as the earlier law entailed, this law is aimed to encourage race equality. It takes the issue of equal rights across cultures to a higher level. A Council under this Act is conjured for three reasons. They should eradicate discrimination against different racial groups, promote opportunities across the culture, as well as to reinforce the importance of having good relations between racial groups. Growing Statistics Despite the Improvements According to USA Today, there is a 24% increase in the number of cases about racial discrimination in the workplace.This was reported by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. There are 6, 977 case s reported in the year 2007, in comparison to the 5, 646 of the previous year. The article also mentioned that the number of reported unjust activities to the commission was raised to more than half since the year 1991. It was also written that the Commission is yet to study the sudden rise in numbers. However, their speculations are that the spike began with the case about six black teenagers and their white classmate. This injustice also stretched to the offices no one would have found unethical in this sense.On the other hand, an article from the New York Times also mentioned that there is an obvious increase in the number of racial discrimination cases in the workplace. Author Linda Greenhouse mentioned that the Supreme Court has been rather active regarding this kind of cases. One of the cases newly reported then is concerned about the protection of one employee who retaliated against a discriminating supervisor. The other was based on age. Although Title VII also included prot ection individuals against retaliation, the article mentioned that certain courts do not take this as serious as they should.Moreover, this kind of protection was only given to those employees who instigated the complaint against their employers, or those who formally approached the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. In this regard, an article from the website Human Rights Watch implied that despite the growing number of cases about racial discrimination in the US workplace, those in government still failed to find an answer to completely annihilate the problem. They have been battling with the issue for so many years, and yet the statistics continue to rise. They have signed and implemented many of these laws, but there are more unhappy employees.The laws they created looked very promising. Actually, it promised a lot of things. It promised protection and be on equal footing in regards to employment. Yet the stereotypes remain to be eradicated. The color of the individual's s kin is assumed to be tied with a certain kind of job, despite the achievement and credibility he or she carries. The above mentioned article said that there was little progress, even during the time of Clinton. The public officials each have an obligation to the advancement regarding the human rights of each individual in their country. Yet many did not fulfill them, or chose to ignore the rising issue.The article mentioned that thousand of workers are discriminated against, harassed and threatened each year because these individuals persisted that they practice their rights to employment. Moreover, in certain states, there were campaigns against migrant workers. The research studies done my many organizations about the issue should be a signal loud enough for the politicians to move. Unfortunately, little effort was made on their part. Small Scale Beginning With this problem, the solution should start at a small scale. That is for the individual to have the initiative to make that change.By beginning from where the case occurred, the government might be further called that the people are doing something about it, and that they need the full support of the people the citizens voted into those positions. The victim should first know his or her rights as an employee. He should be educated about the laws by the government and the policies and regulations of the company regarding their welfare in the workplace. Being educated is their biggest defense. With this knowledge, they would know when employers are being discriminatory of their employment. They could be discriminated against for many reasons.However, it is racial discrimination in the workplace that is most prominent in the a diverse country such as the United States. Backed with this basic tool, an individual will be able to recognize when an employer or co-employee is being discriminative of his person as a man of color. When this situation rise, he or she should immediately report this to the authoritie s. In the recent years, authorities have been more strict about these situations, and protection can definitely be attained. In this light, there remains the question why, despite the laws for protection, these kinds of problems continue to rise.They have become more strict, yet there were no significant changes. Responsibility of the Employer On the other hand, the employers should also do something about this kind of injustice in the organizations they own or manage. The Race Relations Act gave suggestions to what employers should do especially when they are held liable to every name listed in their payrolls. According to the act, the employer should take charge in monitoring their staff, including the applicants for hiring and candidates for promotion and further training. On top of this, they should be able to monitor the grievances by these employees.It should be well documented. No matter how minimal the complaint is, they should always give just attention to it. In line with this, they should also monitor the cases wherein disciplinary actions were implemented. This is also to see if their part as an employer is doing what they can in their level. They should also be able to monitor the outcomes of performance assessment of the employees. While they are taking care of the welfare of each employee, they should still be able to keep the performance of the employees in line with the objectives of the company.This is to keep the employee's end of the bargain intact and active. As the nature of business is, it is a give and take relationship. It is also important for the employers to monitor the type of training they have for their employees, and who are taking these trainings. Training has a huge effect on the kind of work life existing in the workplace. If their training have any effect on the behavior of their employees, then there are also effects on the output of each employee. Lastly, the Race Relations Act also suggests that employers should take note of the people who were dismissed or have resigned from the organization.The statistics from these numbers could lead to how the organization should change, if necessary, or if there are some improvements that could utilize for both their benefit as well as that of the employees. Conclusion Racial discrimination in the US work environment is a reality one will eventually have to face. When one thought that this kind of prejudice only happens in the the community, it also stretch in the offices both small and broad across the country. Many are affected as there are a wide array of cultures that clash against each other. It cannot be helped that there are cultures that will ultimately contradict the next.However, when dealing with professionalism, these biases and prejudices should be put aside for the progress of both the individual and the organization. There is progress on the laws being implemented for the protection of these individuals. Unfortunately, it is not yet enough to cov er all grounds. There is politics where there should not be. There is already injustice to those who are in charge of doing justice. In the end, the people help themselves until they are given full support. Racial discrimination should not exist in the office or the community. It should not exist at all.